The history of the Silver Factory is largely gathered from oral histories; these were not, for the most part, people who communicated in the written word. I am grateful to those who preceded me in conducting interviews (including Patrick Smith, Victor Bockris, David Bourdon, and Pat Hackett). My additions to the oral history of the period are noted here, in alphabetical order, with the medium of interview described. Following these interviews, published sources are listed by subject. These lists are not exhaustive and overlap, but they seem the most useful way to introduce material to future investigators.

Interviews

George Abagnalo: April 26, 2000 (video)
Daisy Aldan: October 23, 1999 (audio)
Penny Arcade: June 15, 1999 (audio)
Gretchen Berg: December 21, 2001 (video)
Brigid Berlin: February 26 and July 29, 1999 (audio)
Victor Bockris: March 21, 2000 (notes only)
Randy Borscheidt: January 27, 2000 (video)
Susan Bottomly: May 14, 2002 (notes only)
Lorraine Brooks: June 24, 1999 (notes)
Ed Burns: March 7, 2002 (video)
John Cale: February 10, 2000 (video)
Joe Campbell: May 11, 99 (video)
Wynn Chamberlain: May 29, 1997 (audio); September 12 and 14, 2001 (video)
Jackie Curtis: November 1978 (audio)
Ronnie Cutrone: September 17, 2001 (video)
Joe Dallesandro: November 3, 1999 (audio)
Sarah Dalton: May 20, 2001 (notes only)
Norman Dolph: February 14, 2001 (video)
Andrew Dungan [aka Julian Burroughs]: May 17, 2000 (video)
Mary Lowenthal Felstiner: May 17, 1999 (audio)
Danny Fields: December 14, 1998 (audio)
Nat Finkelstein: May 15, 2001 (video)
Charles Henri Ford: March 8, 2000 (video)
John Giorno: October 2, 2001 (video)
Nathan Gluck: December 8, 1999 (video)
Samuel Adams Green: October 6, 1999 (video)
Pat Hackett: December 3, 2001 (video)
Robert Heide: April 22, 1998 (audio)
Ed Hennessy: (correspondence, May 24, 1999)
Stephen Holden: September 19, 1998 (audio)
Jane Holzer: June 23, 2000 (video)
Dale Joe: May 4, 1999 (audio)
Betsey Johnson: March 8, 2001 (video)
Jill Johnston: June 23, 2000 (notes only)
Fred Jordan: July 20, 1999 (notes only)
Ivan Karp: October 5, 2001 (video)
Ron Link: November 14, 1999 (audio)
Donald Lyons: October 16, 2001 (audio)
Nelson Lyons: August 12, 1999 (audio)
Gerard Malanga: October 1978; February 4, February 13, April 8, and August 2, 1998; January 13, 1999 (all audio); August 5, 1999, January 2, 2001, and October 22, 2002 (video)
Judith Solanas Martinez (e-mail interview and phone, notes, 1999)
Hudson Mead: June 12, 2001 (notes only)
Taylor Mead: August 1978; February 17, February 28, May 15, and June 1, 1998 (audio); January 28, 2000; and February 2, 2002 (video)
Jonas Mekas: February 4 and April 7, 2000 (video)
Alan Midgette: April 9, 2000 (video)
Paul Morrissey: August 6 and December 13, 2001 (audio)
Billy Name: April 29 and July 29, 1998 (audio); July 29, 1999; November 19, 2000; and July 11, 2002 (video)
Jeremiah Newton: April 7, 1998, and June 5, 1999 (audio)
Ann Olivo: June 21, 1999 (notes only)
John Palmer: 2002 (e-mail interview)
Lola Pashalinski: October 19, 2000 (video)
John Perreault: August 12, 2001 (audio)
Rosebud Pettit: July 15, 1998 (audio)
Ruby Lynn Reyner: October 8, 2001 (video)
Robert Richards: September 20, 1999 (audio)
Carolee Schneemann: May 4, 2001 (video)
Christopher Scott: January 2, 2002 (video)
Stephen Shore: February 8, 2000 (video)
Michael Smith: May 13, 2000 (video)
Robert Smith: June 15, 1999 (notes only)
Holly Solomon: April 21, 2000 (video)
Rudi Stern: February 13, 2002 (video)
Amy Taubin: July 2, 2000 (video)
Harvey Tavel: October 5, 2000 (video)
Ronald Tavel: November 14, 1998 (audio); November 25, 1999, September 15, 2000, and April 9, 2002 (video)
John Vaccaro: April 20, 1999, and January 11, 2001 (video)
Floriano Vecchi: January 17, 1999 (notes only)
Ultra Violet: March 31, 2001 (video)
Viva: August 31, 2001 and September 1, 2001 (video)
Amos Vogel: March 21, 2001 (video)
Chuck Wein: June 2, 1999, and October 23, 2000 (video)
Louis Waldon: March 8, 1999 (video)
David Weissman: July 2002 (notes only)
Holly Woodlawn: March 7, 1999 (video)
Mary Woronov: March 12, 1999 (audio); November 2, 1999, May 4, 2000, and April 22, 2002 (video)

Andy Warhol

Alexander, Paul. Death and Disaster: The Rise of the Warhol Empire and the Race for Andy's Millions. New York: Villard Books, 1994.
Bockris, Victor. Warhol. New York: DaCapo Press, 1989.
Bourdon, David. Andy Warhol. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1989.
Giorno, John. "Andy Warhol's Movie SLEEP." In John Giorno, You Got to Burn to Shine: New and Selected Writings (High Risk). New York: Serpents Tail, 1994.
Koestenbaum, Wayne. Andy Warhol. New York: Viking, 2001.
Kramer, Marcia, ed. Andy Warhol et al.: The FBI File on Andy Warhol. New York: Un Sub Press, 1988.
Smith, Patrick, ed. Warhol: Conversations About the Artist. Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI Research Press, 1988.
Warhol, Andy. "Nothing to Lose." Interview by Gretchen Berg. Cahiers du Cinéma (1967).
———. a: a novel. New York: Grove Press, 1998.
Warhol, Andy, and Pat Hackett. The Philosophy of Andy Warhol: From A to B and Back Again. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975.
———. POPism: The Warhol Sixties. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980.
———, ed. The Andy Warhol Diaries. New York: Warner Books, 1989.
Wilcock, John, ed. The Autobiography and Sex Life of Andy Warhol. New York: Other Press, 1971.
Wolf, Reva. Andy Warhol, Poetry, and Gossip in the 1960s. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.

Films

Angell, Callie. "Andy Warhol, Filmmaker." In The Andy Warhol Museum. New York: Distributed Art Publishers, 1994. The Films of Andy Warhol: Part 2. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1994.
Blue Movie. Words by Viva and Louis Waldon. New York: Grove Press, 1970.
Hoberman, J. Introduction to Parker Tyler, Underground Film: A Critical History. New York: Grove Press, 1970.
James, David E. Allegories of Cinema: American Film in the Sixties. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.
—To Free The Cinema: Jonas Mekas and the New York Underground. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
Koch, Stephen. Stargazer: The Life, World and Films of Andy Warhol. Rev. ed. New York: Marion Boyars, 1991.
MacDonald, Scott, ed. Cinema 16: Documents Toward a History of the Film Society. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2002.
Mekas, Jonas. Movie Journal: The Rise of a New American Cinema 1959—1971. New York: Macmillan, 1972.
O'Pray, Michael. Andy Warhol: Film Factory. London: British Film Institute, 1989.
Renan, Sheldon. An Introduction to the American Underground Film. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1967.
Sitney, P. Adams. Visionary Film: The American Avant-Garde 1943—1978. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
———, ed. The Film Culture Reader. New York: Praeger, 1970.
Tavel, Ronald. "The Banana Diary: The Story of Andy Warhol's Harlot." Film Culture 40 (Spring 1966), 66.
Tyler, Parker. "Fashion or Passion: The NAC and the Avant-Garde." Evergreen Review 48 (August 1967).
———. Parker Tyler papers. Courtesy, Catrina Neiman.
Warhol, Andy. Interview by David Ehrenstein. Film Culture 40.

The Velvet Underground

Bockris, Victor. Transformer: The Lou Reed Story. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
Bockris, Victor, and Gerard Malanga. Up-tight: The Velvet Underground Story. London: Omnibus Press, 1983; rev. ed., 1995.
Cale, John, and Victor Bockris. What's Welsh for Zen? The Autobiography of John Cale. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 1999.
Marsh, James, dir. John Cale. Documentary. BBC, 1998.
McNeil, Legs, and Gillian McCain, eds. Please Kill Me: The Uncensored Oral History of Punk. New York: Grove Press, 1997.
Reed, Lou. Between Thought and Expression: Selected Lyrics of Lou Reed. New York: Hyperion, 1991.
———. Pass Through Fire: The Collected Lyrics. New York: Hyperion, 2000.
Saunders, Timothy Greenfield, dir. Lou Reed: Rock and Roll Heart. WNET Channel 13, New York.
Shore, Steven. Text by Lynne Tillman. The Velvet Years: Warhol's Factory 1965—67. London: Pavilion, 1995.
The Velvet Underground. Liner notes, including essay by David Fricke. Polygram Records, 1995.
Zak, Albin III, ed. The Velvet Underground Companion. New York: Schirmer Books, 1997.

Billy Name

Name, Billy. Andy Warhol's Factory Photos: Factory Foto. Tokyo: Uplink, 1996.
———. All Tomorrow's Parties: Billy Name's Photographs of Andy Warhol's Factory. London: Frieze; New York: DAP, 1997.
Name, Billy, and Deborah Miller. Foreword by John G. Hanhardt. Stills from the Warhol Films. Munich and New York: Prestel-Verlag, 1994.
Sinking Bear. Issues of 1963 and 1964, archives of the Andy Warhol Museum.

Brigid Berlin

Berlin, Brigid. "Sweets." Grand Street 68
Coleman, A. D. "Brigid Polk Strikes." The Village Voice, January 11, 1968.
Fremont, Vincent, and Shelly Fremont, prods. Pie in the Sky. Documentary. 2001.

Candy Darling, Holly Woodlawn, and Jackie Curtis

Curtis, Jackie. "Autobiographical Adlibs." Joe Preston collection.
———. Jackie Curtis papers. Joe Preston collection.
Darling, Candy. Candy Darling. New York and Madras: Hanuman Books, 1992.
———. My Face for the World to See: The Diaries, Letters, and Drawings of Candy Darling, Andy Warhol Superstar. Edited by D. E. Hardy, Jeremiah Newton, and Francesca Passalacqua. Honolulu: Handy Marks, 1997.
———. Candy Darling papers. Jeremiah Newton collection.
Rader, Dotson. "Twilight of the Tribe: The Wedding That Wasn't." The Village Voice, July 31, 1969.
Woodlawn, Holly, and Jeff Copeland. A Low Life in High Heels. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.

Joe Dallesandro

Ferguson, Michael. Little Joe Superstar. Laguna Hills, Calif.: Companion Press, 1998.

Gerard Malanga

Malanga, Gerard. No Respect: New and Selected Poems 1964—2000. Santa Rosa: Black Sparrow Press, 2001.
———. Archiving Warhol: An Illustrated History. New York: Creation Books, 2002.
———. Gerard Malanga Papers. Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas, Austin.

Taylor Mead

Anthology Film Archives. Program notes on Taylor Mead, January—February 1998.
Mead, Taylor. Son of Warhol. Unpublished manuscript.
———. Anonymous Diary of a New York Youth. New York: Self-published, 1962.
———. On Amphetamine and in Europe. New York: Boss Books, 1968.
Mead, Taylor. "The Movies Are a Revolution." Film Culture 29 (Summer 1963); rpt. in Gregory Battcock, ed., The New American Cinema: A Critical Anthology. New York: E.P. Dutton, 1967.

Paul Morrissey

Yacowar, Maurice. The Films of Paul Morrissey. Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Nico

Ofteringer, Susanne, dir. Nico-Icon. Documentary. Fox Lorber, 1995.
Witts, Richard. Nico: The Life and Lies of an Icon. London: Virgin Books, 1993.

The Play-House of the Ridiculous
(including Jack Smith, Ronald Tavel, John Vaccaro, and Mario Montez)

Bernard, Kenneth. "Confronting the Ridiculous." Confrontation (Spring/Summer 1976).
Brecht, Stefan. Queer Theater. Frankfurt, Ger.: Suhrkamp Verlag, 1978.
Hoberman, J. On Jack Smith's "Flaming Creatures" (and Other Secret-Flix of Cinemaroc). New York: Granary Books, 2001.
Markman, Joel. "From the Writings of Joel Markman." Film Culture (Spring 1964).
Smith, Jack, edited by Edward Leffingwell. Flaming Creature: The Life and Times of Jack Smith, Artist, Performer, Exotic Consultant. New York: Serpents Tail, 1997.
Smith, Jack, edited by Edward Leffingwell and J. Hoberman. Wait for Me at the Bottom of the Pool: The Writings of Jack Smith. New York: Serpents Tail, 1991.
Smith, Jack. Interview by Gerard Malanga. Film Culture 45, summer 1967.
Tavel, Ronald. "Theatre of the Ridiculous." Tri-Quarterly, 6 (1966).
———. Interview by David James. The Persistence of Vision 11 (1995).
Tomkins, Calvin. The Scene: Reports on Post-Modern Art. New York: Viking Press, 1976.

Edie Sedgwick

Hennessy, Edmund. "Fresh from the Factory." Vogue, February 1989.
Plimpton, George, and Jean Stein, eds. Edie: American Girl. New York: Knopf, 1982.
Wrbican, Matt, curator. Edie Sedgwick: Silver Hill to Silver Screen. Exhibition at Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh, June 9 to September 2, 2001.

Valerie Solanas

Harron, Mary, and Daniel Minahan. I Shot Andy Warhol. New York: Grove Press, 1996.
Harding, James M. "The Simplest Surrealist Act: Valerie Solanas and the (Re)Assertion of Avantgarde Priorities." TDR (Winter 2001).
Marmorstein, Robert. "A Winter Memory." The Village Voice, June 13, 1968.
Martinez, Judith Solanas. Valerie: Child of Rage. Unpublished manuscript. Courtesy Judith Martinez.
Smith, Howard. "Scenes." The Village Voice, August 1, 1977, and May 31, 1983.
Solanas, Valerie. The SCUM Manifesto. New York: Olympia Press, 1968.
———. Letters. Andy Warhol Museum, Pittsburgh.

Viva

Viva. "The Menopause That Refreshes." Realist, March 1968, p. 15.
———. Superstar. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1970.
———. "Viva and God." The Village Voice. May 15, 1987.

Mary Woronov

Woronov, Mary. Swimming Underground: My Life in the Warhol Factory. Boston: Journey Editions, 1995.

Other Factory Figures
(including Dorothy Dean, Henry Geldzahler, Freddie Herko, Jane Holzer, Ondine, Ultra Violet)

Als, Hilton. The Women. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1996.
di Prima, Diane. The Freddie Poems. Point Reyes, Calif.: Eidolon Editions, 1974.
———. Recollections of My Life as a Woman. New York, Viking, 2000.
Geldzahler, Henry. Making It New: Essays, Interviews, and Talks. New York: Turtle Point Press, 1994.
McDonough, Jimmy. The Ghastly One: The Sex-Gore Netherworld of Filmmaker Andy Milligan. New York: A Cappella Books, 2001.
Violet, Ultra. Famous for Fifteen Minutes: My Years with Andy Warhol. San Diego, Calif.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988.
Warhol, Andy. a: a novel. New York: Random House, 1968.
Wolfe, Tom. "Girl of the Year." In Tom Wolfe, The Purple Decades. New York: Farrar, Straus, & Giroux, 1982.

Downtown Culture and Art World
(including Max's Kansas City, sex, drugs, feminism)

Allyn, David. Make Love Not War: The Sexual Revolution, An Unfettered History. Boston: Little, Brown, 2000.
Banes, Sally. Democracy's Body: Judson Dance Theater, 1962—1964. Chapel Hill, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1993.
———. Greenwich Village 1963: Avant-Garde Performance and the Effervescent Body. Chapel Hill, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1993.
Bender, Marilyn. The Beautiful People. New York: Coward-McCann, 1967.
Clay, Steven, and Rodney Phillips. A Secret Location on the Lower East Side: Adventures in Writing 1960—1980. New York, Granary Books, 1998.
Grinspoon, Lester, and Peter Hedblom. The Speed Culture: Amphetamine Use and Abuse in America. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975.
Gruen, John. The New Bohemia: The Combine Generation. New York: Shorecrest, 1966.
Lobenthal, Joel. Radical Rags: Fashions of the Sixties. New York: Abbeville Press, 1990.
Marwick, Arthur. The Sixties. Oxford, Eng.: University of Oxford Press, 1998.
Morgan, Robin. Sisterhood Is Powerful. New York: Vintage Books, 1970.
Newman, Amy, ed. Challenging Art. New York: SoHo Press, 2000.
Sanders, Ed. Tales of Beatnik Glory. 2 vols. New York: Citadel Press, 1995.
Sewall-Ruskin, Yvonne. High on Rebellion: Max's Kansas City. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1998.
Sukenick, Ronald. Down and In: Life in the Underground. New York: William Morrow, 1987.

Chronology

Isserman, Maurice, and Michael Kazin. America Divided: The Civil War of the 1960s. Oxford, Eng.: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Seitz, William. Art in the Age of Aquarius 1955—1970. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1992.
Stitch, Sidra. Made in U.S.A. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1987.
Teodori, Massimo, ed. The New Left. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969.